Kamar yadda igiyoyin masana'antu 4.0 da masana'antu masu fasaha ke mamaye duniya, tsarin sarrafa motsi, a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar haɗa makanikai, kayan lantarki, da fasahar bayanai, suna sake fasalin fuskar masana'antar zamani tare da zurfin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Daga shugabannin sanyawa guntu tare da micron{2}matakin matsayi a daidaitattun kayan tattara kayan lantarki zuwa robobin walda masu sassauƙa waɗanda ke da ikon fitar da cikakkun motoci shida a cikin minti ɗaya akan sabbin layin samar da abin hawa na makamashi; daga kayan aikin injin CNC guda biyar{3} tare da daidaiton ƙasa da 0.01 mm a tsayi{5}}mashin jirgin ƙasa mai sauri zuwa motocin shiryarwa masu sarrafa kansa (AGVs) masu aiki da 24/7 a cikin kayan aiki da wuraren ajiyar kayayyaki{8} waɗannan yanayin da ake ganin ba saɓani da juna duk sun dogara da tushe: tsarin sarrafa fasaha na gama gari. Tsarin sarrafa motsi ba kawai "cibiyar jijiya" na manyan kayan aiki na ƙarshe ba ne har ma da ma'auni mai mahimmanci na ƙwarewar masana'antu na ƙasa.
Fashin Masana'antu: Hanyar Juyin Halittu daga Isar da Injini zuwa Haɗin kai na Hankali
Mahimman tsarin sarrafa motsi shine sarrafa daidai gudu, matsayi, ko juzu'in masu kunnawa (kamar injina da silinda na ruwa) don tabbatar da motsin abubuwan sarrafawa tare da ƙayyadaddun yanayi ko tsari. Tarihin ci gabanta tarihin juyin juya halin fasahar masana'antu ne: Kafin shekarun 1950, kyamarorin injina da na'urorin servo na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa sune manyan abubuwan da suka faru. Duk da haka, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin kai da ɓarke da hannu, tsarin sun yi jinkirin amsawa kuma suna da ƙananan madaidaici, biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace masu sauƙi kawai kamar na'urorin yadi da na'urorin bugawa. A cikin 1960s da 1970s, tare da fitowar motocin DC servo da masu kula da da'ira na analog, sarrafa motsi ya fara motsawa zuwa wutar lantarki, kuma zuwan na'urori masu sarrafa lambobi (CNC) ya ƙara haɓaka shigarsa cikin masana'anta daidai. Bayan shekarun 1980, nasarorin da aka samu a fasahar AC servo da shaharar masana'anta (kamar PLCs da DSPs) sun canza sarrafa motsi daga "kayan aiki na musamman" zuwa "babban dandamali-, da rarrabuwar aiki da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu sarrafa dabaru (PLCs) da masu sarrafa motsi a hankali sun girma. A cikin karni na 21st, zurfin haɗin kai na hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital (irin su EtherCAT da PROFINET), haɗakar firikwensin (maɓalli + hangen nesa + ƙarfin ƙarfi), da algorithms na hankali na wucin gadi sun haifar da sabon ƙarni na tsarin sarrafa motsi na hankali. Waɗannan ba kawai daidaita sigogi a cikin ainihin lokaci don jure yanayin aiki mai ƙarfi ba, har ma suna samun haɗin gwiwar na'ura ta hanyar Intanet na Masana'antu, zama babbar hanyar fasaha don masana'antu masu fasaha.
Kasuwancin sarrafa motsi na duniya a halin yanzu yana da yanayi mai ban sha'awa. Kamfanonin Turai (irin su Siemens da Bosch Rexroth), suna yin amfani da zurfin ƙwarewarsu a cikin injiniyoyi, sun mamaye babban{1}}ƙarshen CNC da kayan aiki masu nauyi{2}. Masana'antun Jafananci (kamar Yaskawa da Panasonic), sanannen don babban dogaro da ƙarancinsu, sun yi fice a cikin sassan na'urorin lantarki da na robotics. Kamfanonin Amurka (irin su Rockwell da Kollmorgen) suna mai da hankali kan yanke{5}} aikace-aikace na gaba kamar semiconductor da sararin samaniya, suna mai da hankali sosai- ikon sarrafa madaidaicin. Kasar Sin, babbar kasuwar masana'antu ta duniya, ta sami nasarar maye gurbin gida gaba daya, tsakiyar{8} da karama- PLCs na karshen, da ci gaban duniya{10}} manyan hanyoyin magance masana'antu da suka kunno kai irinsu photovoltaics da batirin lithium ta hanyar jagorar manufofin (kamar "Made in China 2025") da kuma kamfanin Inov na gida.
Muhimmancin Masana'antu: Multi-Mai Girma Mai Girma Mai Taimakawa Babban Ci gaba{1}}
Mahimman mahimmancin tsarin kula da motsi ya wuce ci gaban fasaha. Har ila yau, ya ta'allaka ne a cikin cikakken ƙarfinsu na haɓaka sarkar masana'antu, ingantacciyar hanyar samarwa, da ƙirƙirar ƙimar zamantakewa.
Na farko, yana wakiltar ci gaba wajen magance ƙullun cikin haɓaka manyan kayan aiki na ƙarshe-. A cikin kayan ƙera semiconductor, matakin wafer na injin lithography dole ne ya motsa dubun santimita a sakan daya tare da nanometer{2}} daidaitaccen matakin. Algorithms na sarrafa motsin sa da ainihin abubuwan da aka gyara (kamar injina na layi da maɗaukaki masu ƙima) kai tsaye suna ƙayyadad da babban iyaka na tsarin kera guntu. A cikin sarrafa injin jirgin sama, kuskuren sarrafa injin injin axis guda biyar{6} dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da 0.005 mm, in ba haka ba aikin iska na ruwa zai gaza. A da, irin wannan babbar fasahar sarrafa motsi ta kasance da dadewa daga kasashen waje, wanda ke kawo cikas ga ci gaban masana'antu kamar manyan jiragen sama da manyan na'urorin daukar hoto na likita a kasata. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, nasarorin da masana'antun cikin gida suka samu a muhimman wurare kamar servo drives da na ainihin tsarin aiki na lokaci (RTOS) ba kawai rage farashin kayan aiki ba (tare da farashin wasu samfuran sun ragu da sama da 40%) amma sun tabbatar da tsaron sarkar masana'antu.
Na biyu, yana aiki a matsayin "gadar jijiyoyi" don canzawa zuwa masana'anta na hankali. A cikin gine-ginen Intanet na Masana'antu na Abubuwa (IIoT), tsarin sarrafa motsi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin "layin aiwatarwa"{1} yana karɓar umarnin samarwa daga MES (Tsarin Kisa na Masana'antu), yana lalata ayyukan zuwa takamaiman motsin motsi ta amfani da ainihin algorithms sarrafa lokaci, kuma yana samar da rufaffiyar hanyar inganta firikwensin firikwensin-. Misali, a cikin layukan samar da motoci masu sassauƙa, tsarin sarrafa motsi na hankali na iya daidaitawa da yawa na mutum-mutumi a lokaci guda don kammala ayyukan walda da fenti don nau'ikan abin hawa daban-daban, rage canjin lokaci daga sa'o'i huɗu na gargajiya zuwa mintuna 10. A cikin taron na'urorin lantarki na 3C, hangen nesa - sarrafa motsi mai jagora yana ba da damar injunan sanya guntu don kammala saka abubuwa da sanyawa a cikin daƙiƙa 0.1, yana ƙara yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa 99.99%. Wannan ingantaccen aiki na "hankali{12}} yanke shawara{13}} zartarwa" shine muhimmin sifa da ke bambanta masana'anta na hankali da sarrafa kansa na gargajiya.
Na uku, yana aiki azaman "injin ingantaccen aiki" don haɓakar kore da ƙananan -carbon. Ta daidai sarrafa ƙarfin fitarwar motar da yanayin motsi, tsarin motsi na iya rage sharar makamashi sosai. Misali, maye gurbin injunan asynchronous na gargajiya tare da servo drive a cikin injuna na iya rage yawan kuzari da kashi 30%. A cikin tsarin rarraba dabaru, AGV tsara algorithms dangane da ingantawa hanya na iya rage yawan amfani da makamashi sama da 25%. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban fasahar sarrafa motsi ya kuma inganta ƙira mai sauƙi -ƙananan injina da saurin hanzari da lokutan ragewa yana nufin ƙarancin amfani da kayan aiki da sararin samaniya, wanda ya yi daidai da ɗorewar buƙatun ci gaba na burin "dual carbon".
Na hudu, yana aiki azaman filin gwaji don haɗakar fasaha da ƙirƙira. Ƙirƙirar tsarin sarrafa motsi ya sa su zama kyakkyawan yanayin aikace-aikacen don yanke{1}} fasaha na fasaha kamar hankali na wucin gadi, sabbin kayan aiki, da sanin ƙima. Za a iya amfani da algorithms na ilmantarwa mai zurfi don kiyaye tsinkaya, gano gazawar gaba ta hanyar nazarin jijjiga da bayanan zafin jiki. Aikace-aikacen na'urorin wutar lantarki na silicon carbide (SiC) sun haɓaka saurin amsawar servo drive da sau 10. Ana sa ran Quantum gyroscopes zai samar da mafi girma- ma'aunin ma'auni don sarrafa motsin sararin samaniya. Wannan tsarin koyarwar ba kawai yana faɗaɗa iyakokin fasaha na sarrafa motsi ba har ma yana haɓaka masana'antu masu tasowa kamar su mutum-mutumin sabis da mutummutumi na likita.
Kammalawa: Mabuɗin Waƙoƙi don Gaba
Daga watsawa na inji a cikin zamanin tururi zuwa haɗin kai na hankali a cikin zamani na dijital, juyin halittar tsarin sarrafa motsi ya ci gaba da yin tasiri tare da neman 'yan adam na "daidaitaccen iko." Dangane da yanayin haɓaka gasa na masana'antu na duniya da buƙatar gaggawar haɓaka masana'antu na cikin gida, tsarin sarrafa motsi ba kawai mabuɗin don magance matsalar "dogaro da shigo da kaya don manyan kayan aiki na ƙarshe ba," amma kuma muhimmin injiniya don haɓaka sabbin samfura masu inganci da haɓaka ingantaccen ci gaban tattalin arziki na gaske. Ga masu sana'a, wannan yana gabatar da ƙalubalen fasaha guda biyu (kamar inganta Multi{5}}aiki daidaitawar algorithms na axis da aiwatar da bayanan sirri) da babbar damammaki na ƙirƙira (kamar sarrafa haɗin gwiwar mutum-mutumin robot da shirin motsi na microgravity don kayan aikin sararin samaniya). Ga al'umma, dorewar saka hannun jari a cikin mahimman bincike na ƙa'idar (kamar ka'idar sarrafawa mara tushe), mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa (kamar manyan masu ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu ƙarfi da na'urori masu ƙarfi), da tsarin muhallin masana'antu (kamar daidaitaccen saiti da haɓaka hazaka) yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar himma a cikin wannan tseren da ke rataye kan gasa na gaba.
Tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓaka masana'antu masu tasowa kamar masana'antu na fasaha, sabon makamashi, da bioomedicine, tsarin sarrafa motsi ba zai ƙara kasancewa a baya ba kawai --yan wasan. Madadin haka, za su zama ma'anar fasahar zamani na masana'antu na gaba, suna ba da ƙarin hankali, sassauci, da abokantaka na muhalli.
